Resources

Risk & Protective Factors for Youth Substance Use

Self

Risk Factors

  • Genetics
  • Mental Health Issues
  • Behavioral Health Issues
  • Impulsivity/Risk Taking
  • Perception of Low Risk

Protective Factors

  • Self-discipline
  • Resilient temperament
  • Positive relationships
  • Perception of high risk

School

Risk Factors

  • Little feeling of connectedness
  • Unsupportive school culture
  • Inconsistent ATOD policies

School

Protective Factors

  • High academic standards
  • Positive school culture
  • Clear & enforced ATOD policies

Family

Risk Factors

  • Family history
  • Permissive attitudes toward substance use

Family

Protective Factors

  • Consistent structure
  • Set clear expectations
  • Open communication

Peer

Risk Factors

  • Few/Older Friends
  • Peers who use

Peer

Protective Factors

  • Healthy peer groups
  • Involvement with substance-free activities

Community

Risk Factors

  • Easy access to substances
  • Lack of youth activities
  • Norms that support underage use

Community

Protective Factors

  • Community Engagement
  • Opportunities for youth involvement